Electrochemical detection of trace silver

Increasing utilization of silver and nanoparticles (AgNPs) in daily processes products has led to a significant growth scientific interest methods for monitoring silver. In particular, the amount ions (Ag+) released environment is known have detrimental effect on aquatic ecology, thus some control actions been implemented recent years; example, manufacturing industry now required certify quantity AgNPs present products. Electrochemical sensors are well suited task due several beneficial properties, including low costs, fast measurements, facile adaptation miniaturized, portable instrumentation. The predominant method electrochemical determination involves potentiometric ion selective electrodes (ISEs) voltammetric measurements. Reviewing literature last ten years reveals improvements analytical performance sensors, mainly related development new protocols, receptors, electrode materials. Remarkably, ISEs with limits detection (LOD) nanomolar range reported, employing careful fluxes across membrane interfaces. What's more, sub-nanomolar LODs attainable by stripping voltammetry using either ligand-based deposition strategies or thin layer membranes coupled conducting polymers. Selectivity also optimized through composition ISEs, special focus Ag+ ionophores. Furthermore, novel allow discrimination between AgNPs. However, there still dearth studies applying such on-site water analysis, hence, further research needed order translate these laboratory scale achievements real-world contexts. Overall, this review describes state-of-the-art detection, provides comprehensive description those aspects contributing improvement performance.